Acaena buchananii, caesiiglauca, fissistipula, inermis, magellanica, microphylla, myriophylla, novae-zelandiae, and saccaticupula , Sow at 18-22ºC (64-71ºF) for 2-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 4-6 wks, move to 5-12ºC (41-53ºF) very slow germinator,
Acantholimon acerosum, albanicum, armenum, bracteatum, dianthifolium, glumaceum, kotschyanum, and ulicinum , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks Acantholimon seeds germ. better after storage
Acanthus hungaricus (balcanicus) , Soak 1-2 days, Sow at 18-22ºC (64-71ºF) for 2-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 4-6 wks, move to 5-12ºC (41-53ºF) for irregular germination
Acanthus mollis, and spinosus, Soak 1-2 days, Sow at Max. 5ºC (41ºF), germination irregular, often several months
Achillea ageratifolia, and nana , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germ. in 4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 4 wks
Achillea ageratum, clypeolata, filipendulina, millefolium, nobilis, ptarmica, pyrenaica, siberica, and tomentosa , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks, thin cover, needs light, grow on at 10ºC (50ºF)
Achillea erba-rotta , Sow at Max. 5ºC (41ºF), germination irregular, often several months
Achlys triphylla , Sow at 18-22ºC (64-71ºF) for 2-4 wks, move to -6 to -7ºC (19-21ºF) for 4-6 wks, move to 5-12ºC (41-53ºF) for germination
Achnatherum calamagrostis , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germ. in 4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 4 wks
Acinos alpinus , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germ. in 4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 4 wks
Aciphylla aurea, congesta, dieffenbachii, monroi, simplex, spedenii, and subflabellata , Sow at 18-22ºC (64-71ºF) for 2-4 wks, move to -6 to -7ºC (19-21ºF) for 4-6 wks, move to 5-12ºC (41-53ºF) for germination
Aconitum anthora, x arendsii, carmiichaelii, cammarum, lamarckii, napellus, septentrionale, variegatum, and vulparia , Sow at 18-22ºC (64-71ºF) for 2-4 wks, move to -6 to -7ºC (19-21ºF) for 4-6 wks, move to 5-12ºC (41-53ºF) for germination Short viable
Acorus calamus , Sow at 18-22ºC (64-71ºF) for 2-4 wks, move to -6 to -7ºC (19-21ºF) for 4-6 wks, move to 5-12ºC (41-53ºF) for germination, or sow outdoors immediately after harvest.
Actaea alba, erythrocarpa, pachypoda, rubra, and spicata , Sow at 18-22ºC (64-71ºF) for 2-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 4-6 wks, move to 5-12ºC (41-53ºF) for germination
Adenophora bulleyana , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germ. in 4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 4 wks
Adenophora coelestis, cymerhae, himalayana, liliifolia, nikoensis, pereskiifolia, polyantha, takedai, tashiroi, and triphylla , Sow at Max. 5ºC (41ºF), germination irregular, often several months
Adenostyles alpina , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Adonis amurensis, brevistyla, pyrenaica, and vernalis , Sow immediately outdoors. Short viability seed will germinate in the spring.
Aethonema antitaurii, and coridifolium , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germination slow
Aethonema grandiflora, kotschyi, membranaceum, and schistosum , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Agapanthus Headbourne-Hybriden, umbellatus, and umbellatus alba , Sow at 22ºC (72ºF) in constant humidity for very slow germ. over a long period.
Agastache aurantiaca, barberi, cana, cusickii, foeniculum, nepetoides, pringlei, and rugosum, Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germination slow
Agastache pallidiflora, and rupestris , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks
Agastache scrophulariaefolia , Sow at -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 8 wks, move to 20ºC (68ºF) for germination
Agoseris cuspidata , Sow at -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 12 wks, move to 20ºC (68ºF) for germination
Agrimonia eupatoria, and procera , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Agropyron magellanicum , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germ. in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Agropyron trachycaulum , Sow at -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 12 wks, move to 20ºC (68ºF) for germination
Agrostis hyemalis, and scabra , Sow at -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 12 wks, move to 20ºC (68ºF) for germination
Ajuga genevensis, and reptans , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Alcea ficifolia, and rosea , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks Often biennial
Alcea pallida, and rugosa , Sow at Max. 5ºC (41ºF), germination irregular, often several months
Alchemilla alpina, epipsila, erythropoda, hoppeana, mollis, saxatilis, and xanthochlora , Sow at 18-22ºC (64-71ºF) for 2-4 wks, move to -6 to -7ºC (19-21ºF) for 4-6 wks, move to 5-12ºC (41-53ºF) for germination
Aletris farinosa , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks
Alisma lanceolatum, parviflorum, and plantago-aquatica , Sow at 22ºC (72ºF) in muddy compost for 2-4 wks, move to 0ºC (32ºF) for 4-6 wks, after which temperature should be raised gradually.
Allium acuminatum, aflatunense, atropurpureum, carinatum ssp. pulchellum, cernuum, christophii (albopilosum), cyathophorum v. farreri, fistulosum, flavum, giganteum, insubricum, jesdianum, moly, narcissiflorum, nigrum, oreophilum (ostrowskianum), praecox, pulchellum, rosenbachianum, sphaerocephalum, stellatum, stipitatum, ursinum, and victorialis , Sow at 18-22ºC (64-71ºF) for 2-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 4-6 wks, move to 5-12ºC (41-53ºF) for germination
Allium amethystinum, and hollandicum , Sow at 4ºC (39ºF), germ. erratic
Allium ampeloprasum , amphibolum, caeruleum, mairei, schoenoprasum, senescens, sikkimensis, and splendens, Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks
Allium karataviense , Sow outdoors in the fall for spring germ. , Short lived seed, sow at once.
Allium neapolitanum, and ramosum (odorum) , Sow at 22ºC (72ºF) under constant humidity
Allium tanguticum, and tuberosum , Sow at -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 6 wks, move to 20ºC (68ºF) for germination
Alionopsis spatulata , Sow on the surface at 20ºC (68ºF) in light, germinates in less than two wks
Alonsoa meridionalis , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks
Alpinus alba , Sow on the surface at 20ºC (68ºF) in light, germinates in less than two wks
Alstroemeria aurantiaca, hookerii, ligtu, and pulchella , Sow at Max. 5ºC (41ºF), germ. irregular, often several mos.
Althaea officinalis , Sow at Max. 5ºC (41ºF), germ. irregular, often several mos.
Alyssoides utriculata , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Alyssum argenteum, montanum, repens, saxatile, serpyllifolium, spinosum, and wulfenianum , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks
Alyssum cuneifolium , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Alyssum petraeum , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germination slow
Ammophila arenaria , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Amorpha canescens , Sow at Max. 5ºC (41ºF), germination irregular, often several months
Ampelodesmos mauritanica , Sow at 23ºC (73ºF), germinates in about 2 weeks
Amsonia hubrichtii, illustris, orientalis, and tabernaemontana , Sow at Max. 5ºC (41ºF) for 6 weeks, move to 20ºC (68ºF) for germ. in a few days. If no germ. in 3 wks, dig out seeds and give them 8 to 12 hr. soak.
Anacyclus depressus, and maroccanus , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks
Anaphalis alpicola, margaritacea, and triplinervis , Surface sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in about two wks or so.
Anarrhinum bellidifolium , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germination slow
Anchusa azurea, and officinalis , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF) in light, germination slow
Andropogon gerardi, scoparius, and virginicus , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germination slow
Androsace albana, armeriaca, barbulata, ciliata, halleri, hirtella, mathildae, pubescens, pyrenaica, sempervirens, sericea, and spinulifera , Sow at Max. 5ºC (41ºF), germination irregular, often several months
Androsace alpina, carnea, chamaejasme, lanuginosa, and villosa , Sow at 18-22ºC (64-71ºF) for 2-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 4-6 wks, move to 5-12ºC (41-53ºF) for irregular germination
Androsace darwascia, and vandelii , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) indefinitely.
Andryala aghardii , Sow at Max. 5ºC (41ºF), germination irregular, often several months
Anemone baicalensis, barbulata, drummondii, gernica, lyallii, obtusiloba, parviflora, rupicola, and sylvestris , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germination slow
Anemone canadensis, multifida, and rivularis , Sow at 18-22ºC (64-71ºF) for 2-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 4-6 wks, move to 5-12ºC (41-53ºF) for slow germination
Anemone baldensis, caroliniana, cylindrica, hortensis, hupehensis, leveillei, magellanica, narcissiflora, tomentosa, and virginiana , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Anemone nemorosa , Sow immediately outdoors. Short viability seed will germinate in the spring.
Anemone ranunculoides , Sow at 18-22ºC (64-71ºF) for 2-4 wks, move to -5ºC (23ºF) for 4-6 wks, move to 5-12ºC (41-53ºF) for slow germination
Anemone vernalis , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks
Anemone x lesseri , Sow immediately outdoors. Seed will germinate in the spring or sow at 20ºC (68ºF), slow germ.
Anemonopsis macrophylla , Sow at Max. 5ºC (41ºF), germination irregular, often several months
Angelica archangelica, and pachycarpa , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks
Angelica atropurpurea, and gigas , Sow at Max. 5ºC (41ºF), germination irregular, often several months
Antennaria alpina, carpatica, dioica, friesiana, howellii, magellanica, neglecta, parvifolia, plantaginifolia, and rosea , Sow at Max. 5ºC (41ºF), germination irregular, often several months ,
Anthemis carpatica, nobilis, rudolphiana, sancti-johannis, and tinctoria , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks
Anthericum liliago, and ramosum , Sow at Max. 5ºC (41ºF), germination irregular, often several months
Anthoxanthum odoratum , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks
Anthriscus sylvestris , Sow at Max. 5ºC (41ºF), germination irregular, often several months
Anthyllis montana , Sow at 18-22ºC (64-71ºF) for 2-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 4-6 wks, move to 5-12ºC (41-53ºF) for germination
Anthyllis vulneraria , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks
Antirrhinum braun-blanquetti , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF) in light, germinates in less than two wks
Antirrhinum sempervirens , Sow at Max. 5ºC (41ºF), germination irregular, often several months
Apocynum androsaemifolium , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks
Apocynum cannabinum , Sow at -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 12 wks, move to 20ºC (68ºF) for germination
Aquilegia alpina , buergeriana, canadensis, flabellata, formosa, glandulosa, nevadensis, saximontana, transylvanica, viridiflora, and vulgaris, Sow at Max. 5ºC (41ºF), germination irregular, often several months
Aquilegia atrata , Sow at 18-22ºC (64-71ºF) for 2-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 4-6 wks, move to 5-12ºC (41-53ºF) for germination
Aquilegia bertolonii, caerulea, clematiflora, laramiensis, longissima, rockii, scopulorum, and siberica , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germination slow may take several months
Aquilegia chrysantha, , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Aquilegia olympica , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) indefinitely.
Arabis alpina, aubrietoides, blepharophylla, caucasica, muralis, scopoliana, and stelleri , Sow on the surface at 20ºC (68ºF) in light, germinates in less than two wks
Arabis lyrata , Sow at -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 12 wks, move to 20ºC (68ºF) for germination
Arabis procurrens , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Aralia cachmeriana, and racemosa , Sow at Max. 5ºC (41ºF), germination irregular, often several months
Arctium lappa , Sow at Max. 5ºC (41ºF), germination irregular, often several months
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi , Slow germinator - up to a year or more. Store seeds in layers of moist sand in the shade. Check seeds regularly in the spring, and sow them all as soon as radicles appear
Arenaria balearica, gracilis, grandiflora, ledebouriana, pungens, purpurascens, and tmolea, Sow at Max. 5ºC (41ºF), germination irregular, often several months
Arenaria festucoides, montans, and rubella , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) indefinitely.
Arenaria stricta , Sow at -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 12 wks, move to 20ºC (68ºF) for germination
Arisaema flavum , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Arisaema consanguineum, and triphyllum , Sow at Max. 5ºC (41ºF), germination irregular, often several months
Aristolochia clematitis , Sow at 18-22ºC (64-71ºF) for 2-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 4-6 wks, move to 5-12ºC (41-53ºF) for germination
Armeria x 'Formosa', leucocephala, maritima, Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks
Armeria juniperifolia , Soak seed o/n, sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks
Armeria plantaginea (syn. alliacea), pseudoarmera (syn. latifolia), rhodopensis, and tweedy , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Arnica chamissonis, frigida, and montana , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Artemisia absinthium, ludoviciana, and serrata , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks
Artemisia chamaemelifolia, dracunculus, genipi, laxa, stelleriana, and vulgaris , Sow at Max. 5ºC (41ºF), germination irregular, often several months
Arum alpinum, creticum, dioscoridis, italicum, and maculatum , Slow germinator - up to a year or more. Store seeds in layers of moist sand in the shade. Check seeds regularly in the spring, and sow them all as soon as radicles appear
Aruncus aethusifolius , Sow at -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 4-8 wks, move to 20ºC (68ºF) for germination
Aruncus dioicus, kamtschaticus, and sinensis , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Asarina procumbens , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Asarum canadense, and europaeum , Sow at 22ºC (71ºF) for 6 wks or more. Move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 6-8 wks. Then raise the temperature to 10ºC (50ºF). If no germination in 4-6 wks, repeat the cycle from the beginning. If the warm/cold cycles were not long enough, a new warm/cold cycle is needed.
Asclepias amplexicaulis, hirtella, purpurascens, sullivanti, verticillata, and viridiflora , Sow at -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 12 wks, move to 20ºC (68ºF) for germination
Asclepias exaltata , incarnata, and tuberosa, Sow at -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 4 wks in moistened sand, move to 20ºC (68ºF) for germination
Asclepias fascicularis, physocarpa, and syriaca , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germination slow
Asclepias speciosa , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks
Asperula odorata , Sow at 18-22ºC (64-71ºF) for 2-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 4-6 wks, move to 5-12ºC (41-53ºF) for germination
Asphodeline liburnica , and lutea, Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Asphodelus albus, microcarpus, and ramosus , Sow at 18-22ºC (64-71ºF) for 2-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 4-6 wks, move to 5-12ºC (41-53ºF) very slow germinator, often a year or two
Aster alpinus, amellus, azureus, coloradoensis, cordifolius, delavayi (diplostephoides), farreri, laevis, lateriflorus v. horizontalis, linariifolius, novae-angliae, novi-belgii, oblongifolius, pilosus, sagittifolius v drummondii, sericeus, sibiricus, simplex, tongolensis, and x fricartii , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germination slow
Aster bigelovii, divaricatus, ericoides, linosyris, macrophyllus, ptarmicoides, puniceous , turbinellus, and umbellatus, Sow at 20ºC (68ºF) in light, if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Aster stracheyi , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks
Astilbe x arendsii, chinensis, and x japonica , Sow on the surface at 20ºC (68ºF) in light, germ. in less than two wks
Astilbe myriantha, and simplicifolia , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germination slow
Astilboides tabularis , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF)
Astragalus alopecuroides , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) indefinitely.
Astragalus canadensis , and centralpinus, Impervious seed coats. Shake in dry sharp sand or nick carefully with a file. Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than 2 weeks , better with inoculation agent
Astragalus glycyphyllos , Sow at Max. 5ºC (41ºF), germination irregular, often several months
Astragalus monspessulanus, and norvegicus , Sow at 18-22ºC (64-71ºF) for 2-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 4-6 wks, move to 5-12ºC (41-53º) for germ.
Astrantia carniolica, grandiflora, major, and maxima , Sow at 18-22ºC (64-71ºF) for 2-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 4-6 wks, move to 5-12ºC (41-53º) for germ.
Asyneuma canescens , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Athamantha cretensis , Sow at 18-22ºC (64-71ºF) for 2-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 4-6 wks, move to 5-12ºC (41-53ºF) for germination
Aubrieta deltoidea, and x cultorum , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks
Baccharis halimifolia , Sow at Max. 5ºC (41ºF), germination irregular, often several months
Baldellia ranunculoides , Sow at 22ºC (72ºF) in muddy compost for 2-4 wks, move to 0ºC (32ºF) for 4-6 wks, after which temperature should be raised gradually.
Balsamorhiza hookeri , Sow at -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 4 wks, move to 20ºC (68ºF) for germination
Balsamorhiza sagittata , Sow at 18-22ºC (64-71ºF) for 2-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 4-6 wks, move to 5-12ºC (41-53ºF) for germination
Baptisia australis, leucantha, and leucophaea , Pour hot water over seeds, let soak 1-3 days until swelling noticeable. Sow at 20ºC (68ºF) for germination in more than two weeks. Sensitive to damping-off
Baptisia pendula , Pour hot water over seeds, let soak 1-3 days until swelling noticeable. Sow at 20ºC (68ºF) for germination in more than two weeks.
Bartsia alpina , Sow at 18-22ºC (64-71ºF) for 2-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 4-6 wks, move to 5-12ºC (41-53ºF) for germination
Belamcanda chinensis , Surface sow at 20ºC (68ºF) in light under constant humidity, germination slow
Bellis perennis , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks
Berardia subacaulis , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Berchemia racemosa , Sow at 24ºC (75ºF), germinates in less than two wks
Bergenia cordifolia, crassifolia, and purpurascens , Sow at 22-24ºC (72-75ºF), germination in less than 2 weeks small seed - do not cover
Berlandiera lyrata , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germination slow
Besoniella oregana , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks
Biarum carduchorum , Surface sow at 20ºC (68ºF) in light under constant humidity, germination slow
Blephilia ciliata , Sow at -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 12 wks, move to 20ºC (68ºF) for germination
Bloomeria crocea , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germination slow
Boltonia asteroides , Sow on the surface at 20ºC (68ºF) in light, germinates in less than two wks
Boltonia latisquamia , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Bouteloua curtipendula, and hirsuta , Sow at -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 12 wks, move to 20ºC (68ºF) for germination
Bouteloua curtipendula, and gracilis , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks
Boykinia occidentalis, and rotundiflora , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Brachypodium sylvaticum , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germination slow
Braya alpina , Pour hot water over seeds, let soak 1-3 days until swelling noticeable. Sow at 20ºC (68ºF) for germination in less than two weeks.
Briza media , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germination slow
Brodiaea coronaria, and douglasii , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Bruckenthalia spiculifolia , Surface sow at Max. 5ºC (41ºF), germination irregular, often several months
Buddleia davidii , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks
Bulbinella angustifolia, gibbsii, and hookeri , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Buphthalmum salicifolium , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks
Bupleurum falcatum, longifolium, and ranunculoides , Sow at 18-22ºC (64-71ºF) for 2-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 4-6 wks, move to 5-12ºC (41-53ºF) for germination
Buchloe dactyloides , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks
Cacalia atriplicifolia, and tuberosa , Sow at -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 12 wks, move to 20ºC (68ºF) for germination
Cachrys alpina , Sow at 18-22ºC (64-71ºF) for 2-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 4-6 wks, move to 5-12ºC (41-53ºF) for germination
Calamagrostis arundinacea, brachytrichia, and epigejos , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germ. in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Calamagrostis canadensis , Sow immediately outdoors. Short viability seed will germinate in the spring.
Calamintha grandiflora , Sow at 18-22ºC (64-71ºF) for 2-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 4-6 wks, move to 5-12ºC (41-53ºF) for germination
Calamintha nepeta, and sylvatica , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germ. in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Calandrina grandiflora , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks Treat as annual in cold areas
Calandrina umbellata , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germination slow
Calceolaria alba, biflora, chelidonioides, falklandica, fiebrigiana, filthergillii, polyrrhiza, and mexicana , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks small seed - do not cover
Calla palustris , Sow at 22ºC (72ºF) in muddy compost for 2-4 wks, move to 0ºC (32ºF) for 4-6 wks, after which temperature should be raised gradually.
Callirhoe involucrata , Sow at Max. 5ºC (41ºF), germination irregular, often several months
Callirhoe triangulata , Sow at -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 12 wks, move to 20ºC (68ºF) for germination
Calluna vulgaris , Surface sow at +4ºC (39ºF), germ. erratic, often many months
Caltha leptosepala, palustris, and polypetala , Sow at 22ºC (72ºF) in muddy compost for 2-4 wks, move to -5ºC (23ºF) for 4-6 wks, after which temperature should be raised gradually. Sow seed immediately after harvest.
Calochortus gunnisonii , and nuttallii, Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Calylophus lavandulifolius , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks
Camassia cusickii , leichtlinii alba, and quamash , Sow at +4ºC (39ºF), germ. erratic, often many months.
Camassia scilloides , Sow at -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 12 wks, move to 20ºC (68ºF) for germination
Campanula alliarifolia, carpatica, cochlearifolia (bavaria series), collina, glomerata, lactiflora, lasiocarpa, ochroleuca, parryi, piperi, persicifolia, rapunculus, raddeana, rotundifolia, sarmatica, trachelium, and versicolor , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germination slow small seed - do not cover
Campanula bellidifolia, betulifolia, latifolia, patula ssp. abietina, pilosa, poscharskyana, punctata, pyramidalis, rapunculoides, speciosa, takesimana, thyrsoides, and tridentata , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Campanula fenestrellata, and garganica , Sow at 22ºC (71ºF) for 6 wks or more. Move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 6-8 wks. Then raise the temperature to 10ºC (50ºF). If no germination in 4-6 wks, repeat the cycle from the beginning. If the warm/cold cycles were not long enough, a new warm/cold cycle is needed. small seed - do not cover
Campanula aucherii, cochlearifolia, incurva, patula, portenschlagiana, pulla, pulsilla, punctata rubriflora, saxifraga, and waldsteiniana , Sow at Max. 5ºC (41ºF), germination irregular, often several months small seed - do not cover
Campanula allionii, barbata, carpatica v. turbinata, cenisia, latifolia alba, raineri, and tommasiniana, Sow at 18-22ºC (64-71ºF) for 2-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 4-6 wks, move to 5-12ºC (41-53ºF) for germination
Campanula medium, and siberica , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks
Campsis radicans, and x tagliabuana, sow 8 wks @ 39ºF, germ. @ 68ºF , 10-15d , can be invasive
Capparis spinosa v. inermis , Sow at Max. 5ºC (41ºF), germination irregular, often several months
Cardamine bulbosa, pratensis, trifolia, and walsteinii , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Carex acuta, acutiformis, arenaria, atrata, aurea, bergrenii, buchananii, flacca, lurida, macrocephala, muskingumensis, paniculata, pendula, pseudocyperus, remota, secta, sylvatica, tenuiculmis, and vulpina , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks, recycle.
Carex alba, comans, grayi, nigra, riparia, and testacea , Sow at 18-22ºC (64-71ºF) for 2-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 4-6 wks, move to 5-12ºC (41-53ºF) for germination
Carex flava, and umbrosa , Sow at Max. 5ºC (41ºF), germination irregular, often several months
Cardiocrinum giganteum , Sow at 18-22ºC (64-71ºF) for 2-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 4-6 wks, move to 5-12ºC (41-53ºF) for germination
Carlina acanthifolia, acaulis, and vulgaris , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Cassia marilandica , Scarify seed, then sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks
Castilleja miniata , Sow at 18-22ºC (64-71ºF) for 2-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 4-6 wks, move to 5-12ºC (41-53ºF) for germination
Caryopteris bungei, and incana , Sow on the surface at 20ºC (68ºF) in light, germinates in less than two wks short viable
Catananche caerulea , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks
Ceanothus americanus , Sow at -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 12 wks, move to 20ºC (68ºF) for germination
Celmisia armstrongii, hookerii, semicordata, spectabilis, traversii, and walkeri , Sow at Max. 5ºC (41ºF), germination irregular, often several months, best if sown immediately after harvest
Celsia roripifolia , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks
Centaurea alpestris, alpina, bella, dealbata, jacea, macrocephala, montana, nigra, orientalis, phrygia, pulcherrima, rupestris, ruthenica, and uniflora , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germination in 10 to 30 days
Centaurium erythraea , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germination slow
Centranthus ruber , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in about two wks
Cephalanthus occidentalis , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks
Cephalaria alpina , Sow at Max. 5ºC (41ºF), germination irregular, often several months
Cephalaria gigantea , and leucantha , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germ. in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Cerastium arvense, biebersteinii, and tomentosum , Surface sow at 20ºC (68ºF) in light, germ. in less than two wks
Cerastium alpinum, and candidissimum , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germ. in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Cerastium grandiflorum , Sow at Max. 5ºC (41ºF), germination irregular, often several months
Cerinthe glabra , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germ. in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Chaenorrhinum origanifolium , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in about two wks
Chamaemelum nobile , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks
Chasmanthium latifolium , Sow at 23ºC (73ºF), germinates in about two wks
Chelidonium japonicum , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks
Chelidonium majus , Sow at 22ºC (71ºF) for 6 wks or more. Move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 6-8 wks. Then raise the temperature to 10ºC (50ºF). If no germination in 4-6 wks, repeat the cycle from the beginning. If the warm/cold cycles were not long enough, a new warm/cold cycle is needed. small seed - do not cover
Chelone glabra, lyonii, and obliqua , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Chiastophyllum oppositifolium , Sow at 18-22ºC (64-71ºF) for 2-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 4-6 wks, move to 5-12ºC (41-53ºF) for germination small seed - do not cover.
Chionochloa conspicua, and pallida , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germ. in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Chionochloa rubra , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks
Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium, coccineum, corymbosum, frutescens, indicum, leucanthemum, macrophyllum, maximum, and vulgare , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks
Chrysanthemum alpinum , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germ. in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Chrysanthemum arcticum , Sow at Max. 5ºC (41ºF), germination irregular, often several months
Chrysanthemum koreanum, and parthenium , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germination slow
Chrysopogon gryllus , Sow at Max. 5ºC (41ºF), germination irregular, often several months
Chrysopsis villosa , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germ. in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Cicerbita alpina , Sow at 18-22ºC (64-71ºF) for 2-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 4-6 wks, move to 5-12ºC (41-53ºF) for germination
Cichorium intybus , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germ. in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Cicuta maculata , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks
Cimicifuga americana, racemosa, ramosa, and simplex , Sow at 22ºC (71ºF) for 6 wks or more. Move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 6-8 wks. Then raise the temperature to 10ºC (50ºF). If no germination in 4-6 wks, repeat the cycle from the beginning. If the warm/cold cycles were not long enough, a new warm/cold cycle is needed.
Circaea lutetiana , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Cirsium acaule, eriophorum, and heterophyllum , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Cirsium japonicum , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germination slow
Cirsium diacanthus , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks
Cistus incanus , Sow at Max. 5ºC (41ºF), germination irregular, often several months
Cistus laurifolius , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germination slow, often many months
Cladium mariscus , Sow at 22ºC (72ºF) in muddy compost for 2-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 4-6 wks, after which temperature should be raised gradually.
Clayttonia megarhiza , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germination slow
Clematis alpina, campaniflora, flammula, heracleifolia, integrifolia, macropetala, paniculata, potaninii, tangutica, and terniflora , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Clematis columbiana, Sow outdoors late fall for 91% germ. in May/June. Indoor sowing in light at 20ºC (70ºF) should result in 50% germ. over the period of 2 to 10 weeks.
Clematis fremontii , Sow outdoors immediately after seeds ripen in midsummer. Germination begins in late fall.
Clematis occidentalis, Sow at 4ºC (39ºF) for 8 wks, move to 19ºC (65ºF) oscillating with cooler temps. at night.
Clematis mandschurica, recta, vitalba, and viticella , Sow at 18-22ºC (64-71ºF) for 2-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 4-6 wks, move to 5-12ºC (41-53ºF) for germination
Clematis virginiana , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germination slow
Clinopodium vulgare , Sow at 22-24ºC (71-75ºF), germination in less than 2 weeks
Codonopsis bhtuanica, clematidea, lanceolata, mollis, ovata, pilosula, and tangshen , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks small seed - do not cover
Colchicum autumnale, cilicicum, and macrophyllum , Slow germinator - up to a year or more. Store seeds in layers of moist sand in the shade. Check seeds regularly in the spring, and sow them all as soon as radicles appear
Commelina coelestis, and graminifolia , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF) in light, germinates in less than two wks
Convallaria majalis , Sow at 18-22ºC (64-71ºF) for 2-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 4-6 wks, move to 5-12ºC (41-53ºF) for germination in a year or more. Poisonous
Convolvulus cantrabrica, and sabatius , Sow at Max. 5ºC (41ºF), germination irregular, often several months
Convolvulus sepium (syn. Calystegia sepium), and spithamaeus , Sow immediately outdoors. Short viability seed will germinate in the spring. weedy
Coreopsis grandiflora , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF) in light, germinates in less than two wks
Coreopsis lanceolata , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germination slow
Coreopsis palmata , Sow at Max. 5ºC (41ºF) for 8 wks, move to 22ºC (72ºF) for germ. in about 8 days.
Coreopsis rosea , Sow at Max. 5ºC (41ºF), germination irregular, often several months
Coreopsis tripteris , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Cornus canadensis , Slow germinator - up to a year or more. Store seeds in layers of moist sand in the shade. Check seeds regularly in the spring, and sow them all as soon as radicles appear
Coronilla varia , Scarify seed, then sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germination slow
Cortaderia selloana , Surface sow at 22-24ºC (71-75ºF), germination in less than 2 weeks
Cortusa matthioli, and turkestanica , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germ. in 4 wks, move to +4ºC (39ºF) for 4 wks
Corydalis cava, cheilanthifolia, lutea, nobilis, ochroleuca, and solida , Sow at 22ºC (71ºF) for 6 wks or more. Move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 6-8 wks. Then raise the temperature to 10ºC (50ºF). If no germination in 4-6 wks, repeat the cycle from the beginning. If the warm/cold cycles were not long enough, a new warm/cold cycle is needed. Short viable
Corydalis curvisiliqua , Sow immediately outdoors. Short viability seed will germinate in the spring. germinates in the fall, sow fresh only
Corydalis racemosa, and sempervirens , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germination slow Short viable. Germinates in 4-8 weeks
Corynephorus canescens , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germination slow
Crambe cordifolia, maritima, and tatarica , Sow at Max. 5ºC (41ºF), germination irregular, often several months
Craspedia lanata , Sow (immediately after harvest) at Max. 5ºC (41ºF), germination irregular, often several months
Cremanthodium ellisii , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks
Crepis pyrenaica , Sow at Max. 5ºC (41ºF), germination irregular, often several months
Crithmum maritimum , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Crocosmia 'Lucifer', and masonorum , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germination slow
Crocus abantensis, asumaniae, tommasinianus, and vernus , Sow at 18-22ºC (64-71ºF) for 2-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 4-6 wks, move to 5-12ºC (41-53ºF) for germination in a year or more.
Crucianella stylosa (syn. Phuopsis stylosa) , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germination slow
Cryptantha paradoxa , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks
Cyanathus lobatus , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Cyclamen cilicium, coum, hederifolium, mirabile, neapolitanum, pseudibericum, and repandum , Sow at 18ºC (64ºF) in light, germination slow
Cyclamen persicum giganteum , Constant 80ºF soak, sow @ 60ºF in the dark, germinates in about 2 weeks
Cyclamen purpurascens , Sow at Max. 5ºC (41ºF), germination irregular, often several months
Cymbalaria muralis , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks
Cymopterus planosus , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), if no germination in 3-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 2-4 wks
Cynara cardunculus, and scolymus , Sow at 23ºC (73ºF), germinates in about two wks
Cynoglossum glochidatum, nervosum, and officinale , Sow at Max. 5ºC (41ºF), germination irregular, often several months
Cyperus eragrostis , Sow at 18-22ºC (64-71ºF) for 2-4 wks, move to -4 to +4ºC (24-39ºF) for 4-6 wks, move to 5-12ºC (41-53ºF) for germination in a year or more.
Cyperus glaber , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks
Cytisus purpureus , Sow at 20ºC (68ºF), germinates in less than two wks shrub