P. kingii , Saccanthera , ( 6 ), Store seed
@ 70ºF (21ºC) in a non-humid environment for 6 mo. Sow barely covered
8 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 60ºF (16ºC) for germ. under
light. , ( 10x10 ), herbaceous , violet, purple
, dryland
P. kunthii , Campanulati , ( 6-9 ), Sow barely covered 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 50ºF (10ºC) under light; if no
germ. in 4 wks, move to 60ºF (16ºC) , ( 22x12 ),
herbaceous , red , mixed
P. labrosus , Elmigera , ( 6 ), Sow barely covered 8 wks @
40ºF (4ºC), move to 50ºF (10ºC) under light; if no germ.
in 4 wks, move to 60ºF (16ºC) , ( 18x7 ),
herbaceous , scarlet , open
wooded
P. laetus , Saccanthera , ( 6 ), Sow barely covered 8 wks @
40ºF (4ºC), move to 50ºF (10ºC) under light; if no germ.
in 4 wks, move to 60ºF (16ºC) , ( 30x12 ),
subshrub , pink, violet, purple ,
open wooded
P. laevigatus , Penstemon , ( 6 ), Sow barely covered 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 50ºF (10ºC) under light; if no
germ. in 4 wks, move to 60ºF (16ºC) , ( 30x? ),
herbaceous , white , open
wooded
P. laevis , Habroanthus , ( 4 ), Store seed @ 70ºF
(21ºC) in a non-humid environment for 6 mo. Sow barely covered 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 60ºF (16ºC) for germ. under light.
, ( 16x? ), herbaceous , blue ,
dryland
P. lanceolatus , Dentanthera , ( ? ), Sow barely covered 8
wks @ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 50ºF (10ºC) under light; if
no germ. in 4 wks, move to 60ºF (16ºC) , ( 22x? ),
herbaceous , scarlet , open
wooded
P. laricifolius ssp. exilifolius , Ericopsis , ( 3 ), Surface
sow 8 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC), needs light for germ. , ( 4x3 ),
herbaceous , white , plains
P. laricifolius ssp. laricifolius , Ericopsis , ( 3 ), Surface
sow 8 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC), needs light for germ. , ( 4x3 ),
herbaceous , lavender, pink ,
plains
P. laxiflorus , segregated from P. campanulatus by Straw ,
( ? ), No germ. methodology data. , ( ), , ,
P. laxus , Proceri , ( 6 ), Store seed @ 70ºF (21ºC)
in a non-humid environment for 6 mo. Sow barely covered 8 wks @ 40ºF
(4ºC), move to 60ºF (16ºC) for germ. under light. , ( 24x?
), herbaceous , blue ,
dryland
P. leiophyllus , Habroanthus , ( ? ), Store seed @ 70ºF
(21ºC) in a non-humid environment for 6 mo. Sow barely covered 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 60ºF (16ºC) for germ. under light.
, ( 12x? ), herbaceous , purple, violet ,
dry upland
P. lemhiensis , Habroanthus , ( 6 ), Sow barely covered 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 50ºF (10ºC) under light; if no
germ. in 4 wks, move to 60ºF (16ºC) , ( 30x6 ),
herbaceous , blue , open
wooded
P. lentus v. albiflorus , Anualarius , ( ? ), Store seed @
70ºF (21ºC) in a non-humid environment for 6 mo. Sow barely covered
8 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 60ºF (16ºC) for germ. under
light. , ( 20x? ), herbaceous , white ,
dryland
P. lentus v. lentus , Anualarius , ( ? ), Store seed @ 70ºF
(21ºC) in a non-humid environment for 6 mo. Sow barely covered 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 60ºF (16ºC) for germ. under light.
, ( 20x? ), herbaceous , blue ,
dryland
P. leonardii , Saccanthera , ( 6 ), Store seed @ 70ºF
(21ºC) in a non-humid environment for 6 mo. Sow barely covered 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 60ºF (16ºC) for germ. under light.
, ( 16x16 ), subshrub , blue ,
dryland
P. leonensis , Fasciculi , ( 7 ), Sow barely covered 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 50ºF (10ºC) under light; if no
germ. in 4 wks, move to 60ºF (16ºC) , ( 20x? ),
herbaceous , purple , open
wooded
P. leptanthus , Habroanthus , ( ? ), No germ. methodology data.
, ( ), , ,
P. linarioides , Ericopsis , ( 5 ), Sow under thin cover 8
wks @ 40ºF (4ºC) , ( 5x6 ), mat , blue,
varies , alpine , yes
P. longiflorus , Habroanthus , ( ? ), Store seed @ 70ºF
(21ºC) in a non-humid environment for 6 mo. Sow barely covered 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 60ºF (16ºC) for germ. under light.
, ( 24x? ), herbaceous , blue ,
dry upland
P. lyalllii , Dasanthera , ( 5 ), Sow barely covered 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC), germinates at 40ºF under light. , ( 30x? ),
shrubby , lavender , alpine
P. marcusii , Aurator , ( 6 ), Sow barely covered
8 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 50ºF (10ºC) under light;
if no germ. in 4 wks, move to 60ºF (16ºC) , ( 9x? ),
herbaceous , blue, purple ,
desert
P. mensarum , Habroanthus , ( 4 ), Surface sow 8 wks @ 40ºF
(4ºC), needs light for germ. , ( 30x8 ), herbaceous
, blue , alpine , yes
P. miniatus , Fasciculi , ( ? ), Sow barely covered 8 wks @
40ºF (4ºC), germinates at 40ºF under light. , ( 48x? ),
herbaceous , red , alpine
P. miser , Aurator , ( 5 ), Store seed @ 70ºF (21ºC)
in a non-humid environment for 6 mo. Sow barely covered 8 wks @ 40ºF
(4ºC), move to 60ºF (16ºC) for germ. under light. , ( 16x?
), herbaceous , blue, lavender, purple ,
dryland
P. moffattii , Aurator , ( 4 ), Surface sow 8 wks @ 40ºF
(4ºC), needs light for germ. , ( 12x4 ), herbaceous
, blue , dryland
P. mohrinoranus , Fasciculi , ( 7 ), Sow barely covered 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 50ºF (10ºC) under light; if no
germ. in 4 wks, move to 60ºF (16ºC) , ( 40x? ),
herbaceous , red , open
wooded
P. monoensis , Aurator , ( 6 ), Surface sow 8 wks @ 40ºF
(4ºC), needs light for germ. , ( 12x10 ), herbaceous
, rose , dryland
P. montanus v. idahoensis , Dasanthera , ( 3 ), Surface sow
12 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC), needs light for germ. , ( 6x10 ),
shrub , blue, lavender, violet ,
alpine
P. montanus v. montanus , Dasanthera , ( 3 ), Surface sow 8
wks @ 40ºF (4ºC), needs light for germ., move to 70ºF (21ºC)
for germ. , ( 7x6 ), shrub , blue, lavender,
violet , alpine
P. moriahensis , Habroanthus , ( 6 ), Sow barely covered 8
wks @ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 50ºF (10ºC) under light; if
no germ. in 4 wks, move to 60ºF (16ºC) , ( 20x? ),
herbaceous , blue , open
wooded
P. moronensis , , ( ? ), No germ. methodology data. , ( ),
, ,
P. multiflorus , Multiflori , ( ? ), Sow barely covered 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 50ºF (10ºC) under light; if no
germ. in 4 wks, move to 60ºF (16ºC) , ( 24x ),
herbaceous , white , open
wooded
P. murrayanus , Havardiana , ( 8 ), Sow under thin cover 8
wks @ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 70ºF (21ºC) for germ. , ( 36x8
), herbaceous , red , open
wooded
P. nanus , Aurator , ( 5 ), Surface sow 12
wks @ 40ºF (4ºC), needs light for germ. , ( 1x2 ),
herbaceous , violet ,
dryland
P. navajoa , Habroanthus , ( ? ), Sow barely covered 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 50ºF (10ºC) under light; if no
germ. in 4 wks, move to 60ºF (16ºC) , ( 18x? ),
herbaceous , blue , open
wooded
P. neomexicanus , Habroanthus , ( 5 ), Sow under thin cover
8 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC) , ( 35x10 ), herbaceous
, purple , open wooded
P. neotericus , Saccanthera , ( ? ), Sow under thin cover 8
wks @ 40ºF (4ºC) , ( 24x? ), subshrub ,
blue , open wooded , yes
P. newberryi ssp. berryi , Dasanthera , ( 5 ), Surface sow
12 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC), needs light for germ. , ( 12x20 ),
shrub , lavender, purple, pink ,
alpine
P. newberryi , Dasanthera , ( 5 ), Surface sow 12 wks @ 40ºF
(4ºC), needs light for germ. , ( 8x20 ), shrub
, red , alpine
P. nitidus , Anularius , ( 4 ), Surface sow 8 wks @ 40ºF
(4ºC), needs light for germ. , ( 16x9 ), herbaceous
, blue , plains , yes
P. nitidus v. nitidus , Anularius , ( 3 ), Surface sow 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC), needs light for germ., move to 70ºF (21ºC)
for germ. , ( 16x9 ), herbaceous , blue ,
plains
P. nudiflorus , Habroanthus , ( 6 ), Store seed @ 70ºF
(21ºC) in a non-humid environment for 6 mo. Sow barely covered 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 60ºF (16ºC) for germ. under light.
, ( 40x6 ), herbaceous , lavender ,
dryland
P. occiduus , Fasciculi , ( ? ), Sow barely
covered 8 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC), germinates at 40ºF under light.
, ( 24x? ), herbaceous , violet ,
alpine
P. oklahomensis , Penstemon , ( ? ), Sow barely covered 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 50ºF (10ºC) under light; if no
germ. in 4 wks, move to 60ºF (16ºC) , ( 24x? ),
herbaceous , white , mixed
P. oliganthus , Penstemon , ( ? ), Sow barely covered 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 50ºF (10ºC) under light; if no
germ. in 4 wks, move to 60ºF (16ºC) , ( 14x6 ),
herbaceous , blue , open
wooded
P. ophianthus , Aurator , ( 6 ), Store seed @ 70ºF
(21ºC) in a non-humid environment for 6 mo. Sow barely covered 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 60ºF (16ºC) for germ. under light.
, ( 4x3 ), herbaceous , lavender ,
plains
P. osterhoutii , Anularius , ( ? ), Store seed @ 70ºF
(21ºC) in a non-humid environment for 6 mo. Sow barely covered 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 60ºF (16ºC) for germ. under light.
, ( 32x? ), herbaceous , purple ,
dryland
P. ovatus , Humiles , ( 6 ), Surface sow 8 wks @ 40ºF
(4ºC), needs light for germ. , ( 40x? ), herbaceous
, blue, violet , dryland
P. pachyphyllus , Anularius , ( 4 ), Surface
sow 8 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC), needs light for germ. , ( 14x6 ),
herbaceous , blue , dryland
P. pachyphyllus v. pachyphyllus , Anularius , ( ? ), Sow barely
covered 8 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 50ºF (10ºC) under
light; if no germ. in 4 wks, move to 60ºF (16ºC) , ( 14x6 ),
herbaceous , blue , open
wooded
P. pahutensis , Habroanthus , ( ? ), Sow barely covered 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 50ºF (10ºC) under light; if no
germ. in 4 wks, move to 60ºF (16ºC) , ( 14x? ),
herbaceous , lavender , open
wooded
P. pallidus , Penstemon , ( ? ), Sow barely covered 8 wks @
40ºF (4ºC), move to 50ºF (10ºC) under light; if no germ.
in 4 wks, move to 60ºF (16ºC) , ( 36x? ),
herbaceous , white , mixed
P. palmeri , Peltanthera , ( 4-9 ), Sow fresh seed @ 70ºF
(21ºC), sow stored seed under thin cover 8 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC)
, ( 34x24 ), herbaceous , white, pink ,
dryland
P. papillatus , Saccanthera , ( ? ), Sow barely covered 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 50ºF (10ºC) under light; if no
germ. in 4 wks, move to 60ºF (16ºC) , ( 16x? ),
herbaceous , violet , open
wooded
P. parryi , Centranthifolii , ( 6 ), Sow fresh seed @ 70ºF
(21ºC), sow stored seed under thin cover 8 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC),
move to 50ºF (10ºC) under light; if no germ. in 4 wks, move to
60ºF (16ºC) , ( 48x? ), herbaceous ,
rose , desert
P. parviflorus , Aurator , ( ? ), Store seed @ 70ºF
(21ºC) in a non-humid environment for 6 mo. Sow barely covered 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 60ºF (16ºC) for germ. under light.
, ( 12x? ), herbaceous , purple ,
dryland
P. parvulus , Saccanthera , ( ? ), Sow under thin cover 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 50ºF (10ºC) for germ. , ( 14x12
), subshrub , blue, violet ,
open wooded , yes
P. parvus , Habroanthus , ( ? ), Store seed @ 70ºF
(21ºC) in a non-humid environment for 6 mo. Sow barely covered 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 60ºF (16ºC) for germ. under light.
, ( 7x3 ), herbaceous , blue ,
dryland
P. patens , Centranthifolii , ( 6 ), Scarify seed, Surface
sow 8 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC), needs light for germ. , ( 24x? ),
subshrub , purple , dry
upland
P. payetttensis , Habroanthus , ( 5 ), Surface sow 12 wks @
40ºF (4ºC), needs light for germ. , ( 28x10 ),
herbaceous , blue, violet ,
dryland
P. paysoniorum , Habroanthus , ( 3 ), Surface sow 12 wks @
40ºF (4ºC), needs light for germ. , ( 6x5 ),
herbaceous , violet ,
dryland
P. peckii , Proceri , ( 5 ), Sow barely covered 8 wks @ 40ºF
(4ºC), move to 50ºF (10ºC) under light; if no germ. in 4 wks,
move to 60ºF (16ºC) , ( 48x12 ), mat ,
blue, pink , open wooded
P. penlandii , Habroanthus , ( ? ), Store seed @ 70ºF
(21ºC) in a non-humid environment for 6 mo. Sow barely covered 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 60ºF (16ºC) for germ. under light.
, ( 10x? ), herbaceous , violet ,
dryland
P. pennellianus , Habroanthus , ( 5 ), Surface sow 12 wks @
40ºF (4ºC), needs light for germ., move to 50 for germ. , ( 24x12
), herbaceous , blue , dry
upland , yes
P. perfoliatus , Perfoliati , ( 6 ), Sow barely covered 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 50ºF (10ºC) under light; if no
germ. in 4 wks, move to 60ºF (16ºC) , ( 27x12 ),
herbaceous , purple, blue ,
high forest
P. perpulcher , Habroanthus , ( 6 ), Store seed @ 70ºF
(21ºC) in a non-humid environment for 6 mo. Sow barely covered 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 60ºF (16ºC) for germ. under light.
, ( 36x8 ), herbaceous , blue, violet ,
dryland
P. personatus , Cryptostemon , ( 8 ), Store seed @ 70ºF
(21ºC) in a non-humid environment for 6 mo. Sow on surface 8 wks @
40ºF (4ºC), move to 60ºF (16ºC) for germ. under light.
, ( 22x? ), herbaceous , purple ,
dryland
P. petiolatus , Petiolati , ( 7 ), Store seed @ 70ºF
(21ºC) in a non-humid environment for 6 mo. Sow on surface 8 wks @
40ºF (4ºC), move to 60ºF (16ºC) for germ. under light.
, ( 4x8 ), herbaceous , violet ,
dryland
P. pinifolius , Fasciculi , ( 3-9 ), Sow under thin cover 8
wks @ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 50ºF (10ºC) for germ. , ( 18x12
), herbaceous , red , dry
upland
P. pinifolius "Compactum" , Fasciculi , ( 3-9 ), Sow under
thin cover 8 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 50ºF (10ºC) for
germ. , ( 8x8 ), herbaceous , red ,
dry upland
P. pinifolius "Mersea Yellow" , Fasciculi , ( 3-9 ), Sow under
thin cover 8 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC) , ( 12x12 ),
herbaceous , yellow , dry
upland
P. pinorum , Aurator , ( ? ), Store seed @ 70ºF (21ºC)
in a non-humid environment for 6 mo. Sow barely covered 8 wks @ 40ºF
(4ºC), move to 60ºF (16ºC) for germ. under light. , ( 8x?
), herbaceous , blue, lavender ,
dryland
P. plagapineus , Fasciculi , ( ? ), Sow barely covered 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 50ºF (10ºC) under light; if no
germ. in 4 wks, move to 60ºF (16ºC) , ( 40x? ),
subshrub , red , high
forest
P. platyphyllus , Saccanthera , ( ? ), Store seed @ 70ºF
(21ºC) in a non-humid environment for 6 mo. Sow barely covered 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 60ºF (16ºC) for germ. under light.
, ( 24x8 ), subshrub , lavender ,
dry upland
P. potosinus , Campanulati , ( ? ), Sow barely covered 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 50ºF (10ºC) under light; if no
germ. in 4 wks, move to 60ºF (16ºC) , ( 38x? ),
subshrub , purple , open
forest
P. pratensis , Proceri , ( 5 ), Sow barely covered 8 wks @
40ºF (4ºC), move to 50ºF (10ºC) under light; if no germ.
in 4 wks, move to 60ºF (16ºC) , ( 20x8 ),
herbaceous , cream , moist
upland
P. procerus , Proceri , ( 2 ), Sow under thin cover 8 wks @
40ºF (4ºC) , ( 6x12 ), mat , blue,
varies , alpine
P. pruinosus , Humiles , ( 6 ), Sow under thin cover 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC) , ( 16x6 ), herbaceous ,
blue, lavender , dryland , yes
P. pseudoparvus , Humiles , ( ? ), Sow barely covered 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC), germinates at 40ºF under light. , ( 12x? ),
herbaceous , purple , alpine
P. pseudoputus , Habroanthus , ( ? ), Store seed @ 70ºF
(21ºC) in a non-humid environment for 6 mo. Sow barely covered 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 60ºF (16ºC) for germ. under light.
, ( 16x? ), herbaceous , mauve ,
dryland
P. pseudospectabilis ssp. connatifolius , Peltanthera , ( 5-10
), Sow under thin cover 8 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC) , ( 20x12 ),
herbaceous , red, pink ,
desert
P. pseudospectabilis , Peltanthera , ( 5-10 ), Surface sow
8 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC), needs light for germ. , ( 20x12 ),
herbaceous , red, pink ,
desert
P. pudicus , Saccanthera , ( ? ), Sow barely covered 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 50ºF (10ºC) under light; if no
germ. in 4 wks, move to 60ºF (16ºC) , ( 18x? ),
subshrub , blue , high
forest
P. pumilus , Aurator , ( 5 ), Store seed @ 70ºF (21ºC)
in a non-humid environment for 6 mo. Sow barely covered 8 wks @ 40ºF
(4ºC), move to 60ºF (16ºC) for germ. under light. , ( 6x6
), prostrate , blue, purple ,
dryland
P. punctatus , Aurator , ( ? ), Store seed @ 70ºF (21ºC)
in a non-humid environment for 6 mo. Sow barely covered 8 wks @ 40ºF
(4ºC), move to 60ºF (16ºC) for germ. under light. , ( ? ),
? , violet , plains
P. purpusii , Saccanthera , ( 6 ), Sow barely covered 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC), germinates at 40ºF under light. , ( 8x? ),
shrub , violet , alpine
P. putus , , ( ? ), No germ. methodology data. , ( ),
, ,
P. radicosus , Humiles , ( 5 ), Store seed
@ 70ºF (21ºC) in a non-humid environment for 6 mo. Sow barely covered
8 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 60ºF (16ºC) for germ. under
light. , ( 16x6 ), herbaceous , blue, purple
, dryland
P. ramaleyI , Caespitosi ,( ), Sow under thin cover 8 wks @
40ºF (4ºC) ,( 12x ), subshrub , Blue
, alpine ,
P. ramosus , Dentanthera ,( ), Sow fresh seed @ 70ºF
(21ºC), sow stored seed under thin cover 6 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC)
,( 22x ), herbaceous , O,R,V
, dryland ,
P. rattanii ssp. kleei , Humiles ,( ), Sow under thin cover
12 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC) ,( 48x ), herbaceous
, Lavender, Violet , open wooded ,
P. rattanii ssp. rattanii , Humiles ,( ), Sow under thin cover
12 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 50ºF (10ºC) for germ.,(
48x ), herbaceous , Lavender, Violet
, open wooded , yes
P. retrorsus , Caespitosi ,( 5 ), Surface sow 12 wks @ 40ºF
(4ºC), needs light for germ.,( 3x8 ), mat ,
Violet , dry upland ,
P. richardsonii v. curtiflorus , Serrulati ,( 4 ), Surface
sow 6 wks @ 40ºF for germ. in light ,( 24x24 ),
subshrub , Lavender , dryland ,
P. richardsonii v. dentatus , Serrulati ,( 4 ), Surface sow
6 wks @ 40ºF for germ. in light ,( 24x24 ), subshrub
, ,dryland,
P. richardsonii v. richardsonii , Serrulati ,( 4 ), Surface
sow 6 wks @ 40ºF for germ. in light ,( 24x24 ),
subshrub , Lavender , dryland ,
P. roezlii , Saccanthera ,( 5 ), Sow under thin cover 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC) ,( 20x8 ), herbaceous ,
Blue, Violet , alpine ,
P. rostriflorus , Emersus ,( 6 ), Surface sow 8 wks @ 40ºF
for germ. in light ,( 24x24 ), subshrub , scarlet
, dryland ,
P. rotundifolius , Havardiani ,( ), Sow fresh seed @ 70ºF
(21ºC), sow stored seed under thin cover 6 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC)
,( 12x ), subshrub , scarlet
, dryland ,
P. rubicundus , Peltanthera ,( ), Sow fresh seed @ 70ºF
(21ºC), sow stored seed under thin cover 6 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC)
,( 48x ), herbaceous , rose
, dryland ,
P. rupicola , Dasanthera ,( 4 ), Surface sow 8 wks @ 40ºF
(4ºC), move to 70ºF (21ºC) for germ. under light. ,( 12x12
), mat , Red , alpine
,
P. rydbergii ssp. aggregatus , Proceri ,( 2 ), Sow under thin
cover 8 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC),( 24x ), herbaceous
, Blue , moist upland ,
P. rydbergii v. oreocharis , Proceri ,( 2 ), Sow under thin
cover 8 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC),( 24x ), herbaceous
, Blue , moist upland ,
P. rydbergii v. rydbergii , Proceri ,( 2 ), Sow under thin
cover 8 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC),( 24x ), herbaceous
, Blue , moist upland ,
P. saltarius , Fasciculus ,( ),Sow barely covered
8 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 50ºF (10ºC) under light;
if no germ. in 4 wks, move to 60ºF (16ºC) ,( 14x
), herbaceous , Violet ,
open wooded ,
P. 'Saskatoon Hybrid' , ,( 3 ), Sow under thin cover 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC) ,( 40x16 ), herbaceous ,
Red , na ,
P. saxosorum , Habroanthus ,( ), Store seed @ 70ºF
(21ºC) in a non-humid environment for 6 mo. Sow barely covered 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 60ºF (16ºC) for germ. under light.
,( 30x ), herbaceous , Blue
, dry upland ,
P. scapoides , Saccanthera ,( 5 ), Surface sow 8 wks @ 40ºF
for germ. in light,( 16x ), subshrub , lilac
, dryland ,
P. scariosus v. albifluvis , Habroanthus ,( ), Store seed @
70ºF (21ºC) in a non-humid environment for 6 mo. Sow barely covered
8 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 60ºF (16ºC) for germ. under
light. ,( 20x ), herbaceous , Blue
, mixed dry
P. scariosus v. cyanomontanus , Habroanthus ,( ), Store seed
@ 70ºF (21ºC) in a non-humid environment for 6 mo. Sow barely covered
8 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 60ºF (16ºC) for germ. under
light. ,( 20x ), herbaceous , Blue
, mixed dry ,
P. scariosus v. garrettii , Habroanthus ,( ), Store seed @
70ºF (21ºC) in a non-humid environment for 6 mo. Sow barely covered
8 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 60ºF (16ºC) for germ. under
light. ,( 20x ), herbaceous , Blue
, mixed dry
P. scariosus v. scariosus , Habroanthus ,( ), Store seed @
70ºF (21ºC) in a non-humid environment for 6 mo. Sow barely covered
8 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 60ºF (16ºC) for germ. under
light. ,( 20x ), herbaceous , Blue
, mixed dry
P. schaffneri , Campanulati ,( ), Store seed @ 70ºF
(21ºC) in a non-humid environment for 6 mo. Sow barely covered 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 60ºF (16ºC) for germ. under light.
,( 27x ), shrub , Red ,
mixed dry ,
P. secundiflorus , Anularius ,( 4 ), Surface sow 6 wks @
40ºF, move to 70ºF (21ºC) for germ. in light.,( 20x10
), herbaceous , Pink, Violet, Lavender
, mixed ,
P. seorus , Gairdneriani ,( 5 ), Sow fresh seed @ 70ºF
(21ºC), sow stored seed under thin cover 6 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC)
,( 16x6 ), mat , Blue, Pink, Lavender
, dryland ,
P. sepalulus , Saccanthera ,( ), Sow fresh seed @ 70ºF
(21ºC), sow stored seed under thin cover 8 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC),
move to 50ºF (10ºC) under light; if no germ. in 4 wks, move to
60ºF (16ºC) ,( 30x ), subshrub , Lavender
, scree
P. serrulatus , Serrulati ,( 5 ), Sow under thin cover @ 40ºF
(4ºC),( 16x6 ), subshrub , Blue, Purple
, moist ground ,
P. smallii , Penstemon ,( 6 ), Sow under thin cover 3 wks @
40ºF (4ºC) ,( 24x ), herbaceous ,
Purple , lowland ,
P. spatulatus , Proceri ,( 5 ), Sow under thin cover 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC) ,( 10x10 ), mat , Blue,
Violet , alpine ,
P. speciosus , Habroanthus ,( 5 ), Sow under thin cover 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC) ,( 36x8 ), herbaceous ,
Blue, Violet, Purple , dryland ,
P. speciosus "Kennedyi" , Habroanthus ,( 5 ), Sow under thin
cover 8 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 50ºF (10ºC) for germ.,(
36x ), herbaceous , Blue ,
dryland , yes
P. spectabilis ssp. subviscosus , Peltanthera ,( 6 ), Sow fresh
seed @ 70ºF (21ºC), sow stored seed under thin cover 8 wks @ 40ºF
(4ºC), move to 50ºF (10ºC) under light; if no germ. in 4 wks,
move to 60ºF (16ºC) ,( 60x24 ), herbaceous
, Blue, Pink , desert ,
P. spectabilis v. gilmanii , Peltanthera ,( 6 ), Sow fresh
seed @ 70ºF (21ºC), sow stored seed under thin cover 8 wks @ 40ºF
(4ºC), move to 50ºF (10ºC) under light; if no germ. in 4 wks,
move to 60ºF (16ºC) ,( 60x24 ), herbaceous
, Blue, Pink , desert ,
P. spectabilis v. spectabillis , Peltanthera ,( 6 ), Sow fresh
seed @ 70ºF (21ºC), sow stored seed under thin cover 8 wks @ 40ºF
(4ºC), move to 50ºF (10ºC) under light; if no germ. in 4 wks,
move to 60ºF (16ºC) ,( 30x20 ), herbaceous
, Blue, Pink , desert ,
P. stenophyllus , Dentanthera ,( ), Sow under thin cover 8
wks @ 40ºF (4ºC), germ. at 40ºF (4ºC) ,( 20x6
), herbaceous , Violet ,
dryland , yes
P. stephensii , Peltanthera ,( ), Sow fresh seed @ 70ºF
(21ºC), sow stored seed under thin cover 8 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC),
move to 50ºF (10ºC) under light; if no germ. in 4 wks, move to
60ºF (16ºC) ,( 36x ), herbaceous ,
Red , desert ,
P. strictiformis , Habroanthus ,( ), Sow barely covered 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 50ºF (10ºC) under light; if no
germ. in 4 wks, move to 60ºF (16ºC) ,( 24x ),
herbaceous , Blue , open wooded ,
P. strictus , Habroanthus ,( 4-9 ), Surface sow 12 wks @ 40ºF
(4ºC), needs light for germ. ,( 24x18 ), mat
, Blue, Purple , dry upland ,
P. subglaber , Habroanthus ,( 5 ), Sow barely covered 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 50ºF (10ºC) under light; if no
germ. in 4 wks, move to 60ºF (16ºC) ,( 28x5 ),
herbaceous , Blue , mixed ,
P. subserratus , Humiles ,( 5 ),Sow barely covered 8 wks @
40ºF (4ºC), move to 50ºF (10ºC) under light; if no germ.
in 4 wks, move to 60ºF (16ºC) ,( 30x ),
herbaceous , Blue , open wooded ,
P. subulatus , Centranthifolii ,( 6 ), Sow under thin cover
12 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC), germ. at 40ºF (4ºC) ,( 28x8
), herbaceous , Scarlet ,
dryland , yes
P. sudans , Deusti ,( 6 ), Store seed @ 70ºF (21ºC)
in a non-humid environment for 6 mo. Sow barely covered 8 wks @ 40ºF
(4ºC), move to 60ºF (16ºC) for germ. under light.,( 28x
), herbaceous , Cream ,
dry upland ,
P. superbus , Centranthifolii ,( 6 ), Sow under thin cover
@ 40ºF (4ºC) ,( 48x ), herbaceous ,
Scarlet , mixed dry ,
P. tenuiflorus , Penstemon ,( ), Sow under
thin cover 3 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC) ,( 24x ),
herbaceous , White , lowland ,
P. tenuifolius , Fasciculus ,( ), Sow under thin cover 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC) ,( 14x ), shrub , Lavender
, alpine ,
P. tenuis , Penstemon ,( ), Sow under thin cover 3 wks @ 40ºF
(4ºC) ,( 24x ), herbaceous , Purple
, lowland ,
P. tepicensus , Campanulati ,( ), Sow under thin cover 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC) ,( 16x ), herbaceous ,
Lavender , alpine ,
P. teucrioides , Caespitosi ,( 3 ), Surface sow 8 wks @ 40ºF,
move to 70ºF (21ºC) for germ. in light ,( 3x24
), mat , Blue , dryland
,
P. thompsoniae ssp. jaegeri , Caespitosi ,( 4 ), Surface sow
8 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 70ºF (21ºC) for germ. in
light. ,( 2x8 ), shrub , Violet
, dry wooded ,
P. thompsoniae ssp. thompsoniae , Caespitosi ,( 4 ), Surface
sow 8 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 70ºF (21ºC) for germ.
in light.,( 2x8 ), shrub , Violet
, dry wooded ,
P. thurberii , Ambigui ,( 6 ), Sow fresh seed @ 70ºF
(21ºC), sow stored seed under thin cover 6 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC)
,( 24x12 ), shrub , Lavender
, dryland ,
P. tidestromii , Habroanthus ,( ), Sow barely covered 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 50ºF (10ºC) under light; if no
germ. in 4 wks, move to 60ºF (16ºC) ,( 24x ),
herbaceous , Blue , open wooded ,
P. tiehmii , Mexican species from Zacetecas ,( ),Sow under
thin cover 8 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC),( ), ,
, ,
P. tracyi , Deusti ,( ), Store seed @ 70ºF (21ºC)
in a non-humid environment for 6 mo. Sow barely covered 8 wks @ 40ºF
(4ºC), move to 60ºF (16ºC) for germ. under light.,( 5x
), herbaceous , Pink ,
dry upland ,
P. triflorus ssp. integrifolius , Aurator ,( ), Sow under thin
cover 8 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC),( 24x ), herbaceous
, Lavender , plains ,
P. triflorus ssp. triflorus , Aurator ,( ), Sow under thin
cover 8 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC) ,( 24x ), herbaceous
, Violet , plains ,
P. triphyllus , Serrulati ,( 6 ), Sow fresh seed @ 70ºF
(21ºC), sow stored seed under thin cover 6 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC)
,( 30x30 ), subshrub , Lilac
, dryland ,
P. tubaeflorus v. achoreus , Tubaeflori ,( ), Sow under thin
cover 8 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC),( 36x ), herbaceous
, White , alluvial ,
P. tubaeflorus v. tubaeflorus , Tubaeflori ,( ), Sow under
thin cover 8 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC) ,( 36x ),
herbaceous , White , alluvial ,
P. tusharensis , Saccanthera ,( ), Sow under thin cover 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC),( ), ,
, ,
P. unilateralis , Habroanthus ,( 5 ), Sow under
thin cover 8 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC) ,( 24x5 ),
herbaceous , Blue, Lavender, Purple , dry upland
,
P. unitahensis , Habroanthus ,( ), Store seed @ 70ºF
(21ºC) in a non-humid environment for 6 mo. Sow barely covered 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 60ºF (16ºC) for germ. under light.
,( 6x ), herbaceous , Blue ,
dry upland ,
P. utahensis , Centranthifolii ,( 4 ), Surface sow 8 wks @
40ºF for germ. in light, 40 ,( 1x6 ), herbaceous
, Blue , dryland , yes
P. venustus , Serrulati ,( 5 ), Surface sow 8 wks @ 40ºF
(4ºC), move to 60ºF (16ºC) for germ. in light,( 20x20
), subshrub , Lavender, Purple, Violet
, alpine ,
P. versicolor , ,( ),Sow under thin cover 8 wks @ 40ºF
(4ºC) ,( ), , ,
,
P. virens , Humiles ,( 4-8 ), Surface sow 8 wks @ 40ºF,
move to 70ºF (21ºC) for germ. in light , 70 ,( 12x6
), herbaceous , Blue ,
open wooded ,
P. virgatus ssp. arizonicus , Habroanthus ,( 5 ), Sow under
thin cover @ 40ºF (4ºC) ,( 12x5 ), herbaceous
, Violet , dry upland ,
P. virgatus ssp. virgatus , Habroanthus ,( 5 ), Sow under thin
cover @ 40ºF (4ºC) ,( 12x5 ), herbaceous
, Violet , dry upland ,
P. vizcainensis , Peltanthera ,( ), Sow fresh seed @ 70ºF
(21ºC), sow stored seed under thin cover 6 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC)
,( 72x ), herbaceous , Red ,
dryland ,
P. vulcanellus , Perfoliati ,( 8 ), Sow under thin cover 8
wks @ 40ºF (4ºC),( 12x ), subshrub ,
lavender , alpine ,
P. wardii , Habroanthus ,( 5 ), Surface sow 8 wks @ 40ºF
for germ. in light ,( 6x2 ), herbaceous , Blue
, open wooded
P. washingtonensis , Proceri ,( 5 ), Sow under thin cover @
40ºF (4ºC) ,( 10x5 ), herbaceous ,
Blue , moist ground ,
P. watsonii , Proceri ,( 6 ), Sow under thin cover 8 wks @
40ºF (4ºC), move to 50ºF (10ºC) for germ.,( 24x6
), herbaceous , Blue, Purple
, dry upland ,
P. whippleanus , Humiles ,( 3 ), Surface sow 8 wks @ 40ºF
(4ºC), move to 70ºF (20ºC) for germ. in light ,( 20x6
), herbaceous , Violet ,
alpine ,
P. wilcoxii , Humiles ,( 6 ), Surface sow 8 wks @ 40ºF
for germ. in light ,( 20x10 ), herbaceous ,
Blue , open wooded ,
P. wisconsinensis , Penstemon ,( ), Sow under thin cover 8
wks @ 40ºF (4ºC),( 30x ), herbaceous ,
Lilac , plains ,
P. wislizeni , Elmigera ,( ), Sow fresh seed @ 70ºF
(21ºC), sow stored seed under thin cover 6 wks @ 40ºF (4ºC)
,( 24x ), mat , Scarlet ,
dryland ,
P. wrightii , Centranthifolii ,( ),Sow barely covered 8 wks
@ 40ºF (4ºC), move to 50ºF (10ºC) under light; if no
germ. in 4 wks, move to 60ºF (16ºC) ,( 36x ),
herbaceous , Red , mixed ,
The habit and native habitat columns (shown in green color) are based on a chart in Peter James & David Way's book "The Gardener's Guide to Growing Penstemons".
The following pairs of species names are synonyms. The first name is the rejected name, and the second name is the preferred name.
P. alpinus = P. glaber ssp. alpinus
P. angustifolius v. caudatus = P. caudatus
P. brandegei = P. glaber ssp. brandegei
P. bridgesii = P. rostriflorus
P. parvulus = P. azureus v. parvulus
P. speciosus v. kennedyi = P. speciosus "Kennedyi"
P. tusharensis = P. caespitosus v. suffruticosus
P. yampaensis = P. acaulis v. yampaensis
P. menziesii = P. davidsonii v. menziesii
P. virgatus v. asi-greyi = P. unilateralis